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Welcome to Tree Fruit Disease Updates Blog

Welcome to the Acimovic Lab's Tree Fruit Disease Updates blog. Acimovic Laboratory is located at the Virginia Tech's Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center (AREC) in Winchester, VA. As a branch of Virginia Tech's School of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (VAES) our program involves research and extension focused on diseases of fruit tree crops with emphasis on apple, pear, peach and cherries. We investigate all components of the disease triangle: pathogen, plant, and the environment in order to better understand their interactions that serve as a necessary basis to develop new disease management strategies. As a part of the VAES, AREC in Winchester is a valuable source of cutting edge research-based information that is constantly provided to Virginia farmers through extension meetings, presentation, educational programs and field days organized by the Virginia Cooperative Extension and participating associations.

In collaboration with faculty at AREC, Acimovic Lab provides rounded support to stakeholders addressing both scientific and practical aspects of plant, insect and disease management. This blog is an integral part of this collaboration and provides direct access to current and past information on key strategies for reducing fruit crop losses from key pathogens and insect pests in the state of Virginia. Acimovic Lab is leading the edge in plant pathology research and extension addressing current and future challenges of fruit production such as new fruit tree pathogens, plant pathogen resistance to biocides, sustainable plant protection practices, and growing complications associated with climate change. Some of the key foci of applied and basic research conducted in Acimovic Lab are fungicide and bactericide efficacy trials in the field and in vitro, evaluation of management options for pre- and post-harvest apple pathogens, plant defense responses, and survival, physiology, and population dynamics of fire blight bacterium Erwinia amylovora under different stresses. Our goal is to provide new tools for plant disease management and bring new basic knowledge in the areas of plant pathogen biology, epidemiology, and ecology that will serve as basis to improve existing disease prediction models, develop new management strategies, and allow more accurate and precise application of different control options thus securing high efficiency. Our program is designed to help farmers maintain both the fruit quantity and quality while using disease management options that are environmentally friendly and at the same time acceptable for consumer markets. Finally, since every growing season is different, along with the climate type specific differences in Virginia regions, AREC has an important role to provide valuable time sensitive and year-specific information on disease prediction and occurrence to the agricultural community. This site is one of many on-demand resources for plant protection information available from Virginia Tech.

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First Symptoms of Apple Blotch Disease Visible on Leaves in Winchester VA

On 26 July we visited a classic training system orchard in south part of Winchester, VA, with trees of apple cv. 'Ginger Gold' and detected symptoms of  Apple Blotch Disease (ABD), also known as Marssonina Leaf Blotch (MLB). The symptoms were found on the lower scaffolds in the canopy and are visible in Figure 1 . This disease primarily expresses on apple leaves and is  caused by a pathogenic fungus  Diplocarpon coronariae . Even though we  recently  experienced dry weather periods in the Shenandoah Valley, e xcessive rains we received in May and June 2021 favored the development of ABD.  Leaf symptoms express as grey to brown large round spots (blotches) that can merge. This leads to  leaf yellowing.   Figure 1. Apple Blotch Disease (aka Marssonina Leaf Blotch) on apple cultivar 'Ginger Gold' in Winchester, VA.  If effective fungicides are not applied timely, continued infections by  D. coronariae  can occur during summer and until the leaves are present on the trees.

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First Symptoms of Sooty Blotch & Flyspeck and Apple Blotch Disease Visible in Virginia: 22 July 2021

On 22 July we detected the first signs of  sooty blotch  and  flyspeck   (SB&FS) on an unknown apple cultivar fruit in Appomattox VA ( Fig. 1 ). This is visible, of course, on fruit that were not treated with any fungicides during spring or summer and likely the advanced development stage indicates that fruit exhibited these symptoms for 5 to 10 days before we detected them. Depending on your spray schedule and used fungicides, we hope you do not see this disease on your fruit. However, s tart scouting your orchard to check for absence or presence of SB&FS symptoms now to see how well was your fungicide coverage during the cover sprays. FIGURE 1. FIRST SIGNS OF FLYSPECK AND SOOTY BLOTCH ON FRUIT OF UNKNOWN APPLE CULTIVAR IN APPOMATTOX VA (PHOTO BY ACIMOVIC 2021). CLICK ON THE PHOTO TO ZOOM IN. In 2021, the weather conditions during spring and through the beginning of summer 2021 were highly favorable for Apple Blotch Disease (ABD), also known as Marssonina Leaf Blotch (MLB), to